Final in a series by guest author Dr. Majed Ashy
In Part 3 of this series, we introduced two forces in conflict: one that believes in mixing Islam with politics (internal and international), and one that believes in the separation of Islam from politics (some call it the enlightenment era).
The first view ruled the Middle East for about 1,200 years, from the start of Islam until the fall of the Ottoman Empire at the start of the 20th century. The second view ruled most of the Middle Eastern and North African countries from that point until the start of the Arab revolutions two years ago.
The first era was praised as a period of Islamic self-determination and power and advancement until the rise of some interpretations of Islam in the 18th and 19th centuries that contributed to stagnation and reduction in scientific advancements in Muslim countries.
The second era is praised for fighting colonization and making the newly independent Arab states modern players in the international power, artistic, and educational realms. However, this era was characterized by the rule of militaries and dictators who were supported by various international powers.
Thus, this experienced past, glorified by conflicting groups, contributes to the formation of the two views projected into the future by many in the Middle East. Some dream of a new future of pluralism, peaceful sharing and transition of power, transparency and the rule of law, social and economical development–all in a country that would respect all, be a constructive member in the international community, and be enriched by its religious and cultural diversity.
Some, however, want the establishment of the Islamic Caliphate that will shift the international balance of power. Some long for the militaristic secular national (non-religious) projection of power that will, again, shift the international balance of power in their favor.
Understanding the consequences of the Arab revolutions on the regional and international balance of power can help us understand the dynamics of the various conflicts occurring today.
Dr. Majed Ashy is an assistant professor of psychology at Merrimack College and a research fellow in psychiatry at McLean Hospital/Harvard Medical School.