Give peace a chance: Don’t believe the war profiteers, Part 4

Detail from Vereshchagin’s painting The Apotheosis of War (1871) came to be admired as one of the earliest artistic expressions of pacifism – Public Domain

by Roy Eidelson

There are many others, but what I’ve described are ten important examples of the mind games that war profiteers have used and will use to pursue their aims. Because these appeals often have the ring of truth even though they’re as flimsy as a conman’s promises, combating them can be daunting. But we shouldn’t be discouraged. Scientific research on the psychology of persuasion offers a guide to how we can hold firm against the war machine’s self-serving propaganda.

One key is what psychologists call “attitude inoculation.” The basic idea comes from the familiar public health approach used to prevent contracting and spreading a dangerous virus. Consider the flu vaccine. When you get a flu shot, you’re receiving a modest dose of the actual influenza virus. Your body responds by building up antibodies, which will prove essential in fighting off the full-blown virus if it later attacks as you go about your daily life. A flu shot doesn’t always work, but it improves your odds of staying healthy. That’s why we’re encouraged to get one each year before the flu season begins.

Consider, then, that the war profiteers’ mind games are similarly like a virus, one that can “infect” us with false and destructive beliefs. Here too, inoculation is the best defense. Having been warned that this “virus” is heading our way—spread by the enormous megaphones of the military-industrial complex—we can become vigilant and prepare ourselves for the onslaught by learning to recognize these mind games and by building and practicing counterarguments to them.

For example, contrary to the claims of warmongers, the use of military force often makes us more vulnerable, not less: by multiplying our enemies, placing our soldiers in harm’s way, and distracting us from other pressing needs. Likewise, military action can be a profound injustice in its own right—because it kills, maims, and displaces untold numbers of innocent people, with many becoming refugees, and because it drains resources from critical domestic programs. So too, distrust of a potential adversary is hardly sufficient grounds for military assault, especially when opportunities for diplomacy and negotiation are prematurely pushed aside. And when it comes to superiority, unilateral aggression certainly doesn’t represent the best of our values, and it often diminishes our image and influence in the world beyond our borders. Finally, there’s a proud history of non-violent civil resistance, with successes large and small, and it shows us that the people—educated, organized and mobilized—are far from helpless against even unbridled and abusive power.

Counterarguments of this sort—and there are many—are the “antibodies” that we need when we’re faced with all-out mind game assaults from the war machine and its supporters. Just as importantly, once we’ve inoculated ourselves against them, we’re able to become “first responders” by actively participating in the crucial discussions and debates that are necessary to persuade others that it would be worth their while to try looking at the world differently from the way the war profiteers want us all to see it. In these conversations, it’s especially important for us to emphasize why representatives of the war machine want us to cling to certain beliefs, and how they are the ones who benefit when we do. In general, when we encourage skepticism and critical thinking in this way, it makes us less susceptible to misinformation from those looking to take advantage of us for their own selfish purposes.

I’ll conclude by briefly quoting two very different people. First, returning to West Point, there’s this from a cadet who graduated over a hundred years ago: “Every gun that is made, every warship launched, every rocket fired signifies, in the final sense, a theft from those who hunger and are not fed, those who are cold and are not clothed.” That was retired General Dwight Eisenhower, shortly after being elected President in 1952. And second, the late anti-war activist Father Daniel Berrigan reportedly gave the shortest high school graduation speech ever in New York City. All he said was this: “Know where you stand, and stand there.” Let’s do that together. Thank you.

More articles by:Roy Eidelson

Roy Eidelson, PhD, is a past president of Psychologists for Social Responsibility, a member of the Coalition for an Ethical Psychology, and the author of POLITICAL MIND GAMES: How the 1% Manipulate Our Understanding of What’s Happening, What’s Right, and What’s Possible. Roy’s website is www.royeidelson.com and he is on Twitter at @royeidelson.

Prison and the just world fallacy

Recreation of Dr. King's prison cell
Recreation of Dr. King’s prison cell. National Civil Rights Museum. Image by Adam Jones, used under CC Attribution-Share Alike 30 Unported license.

Many Americans want to believe that anyone who is in prison deserves to be there. To differentiate themselves from people in prison, they cling to just world beliefs [opens in pdf]—i.e., the conviction that life is just, that good things happen to good people, and that bad things happen to bad people.

Just world beliefs can give people a sense of stability and reassurance–a belief that sooner or later they will be rewarded for their inherent if not always obvious goodness.

Just world beliefs can also be a barrier against empathy; they can shield people from feeling that they must do something to correct injustices—e.g., police brutality, racial profiling.

Yet we want to remind you that many people have been imprisoned–in this country as well as elsewhere–because they saw and challenged injustice and spoke truth to power.

To mention just a few:

  • Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Read his letter from a Birmingham jail.
  • Father Daniel Berrigan. See his interview with Amy Goodman.
  • Chelsea (Bradley) Manning. Learn more about the effort to obtain a pardon for Chelsea.

Dr. King, Father Berrigan, and other celebrated activists for peace and social justice have regained their freedom, but there are thousands of men and women in prison today who do not have the social and economic support to gain release. (See previous posts on prisons—and torture in prisons–in the continental United States and in Guantanamo Bay.)

To make the world a better place and to make our own country a better place, we need to begin by recognizing that a just world has not yet been achieved.

Kathie Malley-Morrison, Professor of Psychology

Memorial Day 2013: Remembering Vietnam

Vietnam War protesters
Image in public domain.

Memorial Day is the ideal day for remembering both the costs of war and the valiant efforts of anti-war activists to resist war. Today’s post focuses on the Vietnam War, which is worth memorializing for three reasons:

  • It showed the power of a diminutive David (North Vietnam) against a gigantic Goliath (the United States).
  • It showed the moral power of anti-war civilians against the political power of the military industrial complex.
  • It reminds us that you can fool some of the people some of the time with lies and propaganda (e.g., the Bay of Tonkin) but you can’t fool all the people all the time because so many will seek and share the truth.

The costs of that war were momentous: 58,220 American deaths.

And that figure represents just the tip of the iceberg: it does not include the post-war suicides, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), drug and alcohol abuse, and family violence stemming from military service in Vietnam.

Moreover, it does not include the millions of Vietnamese lives lost and the additional millions irretrievably damaged. Of the thousands of books written about the Vietnam War, Nick Turse says, “The main problem with most of those books is the complete lack of Vietnamese voices…. Millions of Vietnamese suffered: injuries and deaths, loss, privation, hunger, dislocation, house burnings, detention, imprisonment, and torture.”

Today I remember with gratitude the brave Americans who struggled to end that devastating, unjust and immoral war—sometimes at the cost of their lives or their freedom. Here are just a few: Martin Luther King, Jr., Father Daniel Berrigan, Daniel Ellsberg, Mohammed Ali, Angela Davis, Jane Fonda, Pete Seeger, and Walter Cronkite.

I pray we continue to be blessed with moral leaders who will resist the political calls to wage war.

Kathie Malley-Morrison, Professor of Psychology