Global Resources and Challenges for 2016 ©

guest author: Anthony J. Marsella, Ph.D.

The new calendar year is upon us . . . in every sense of the word!  We use the New Year as an opportunity for renewal — a chance for a fresh start. We leave behind the accumulate residue of the past year, and respond now with a blank slate of possibilities — an imagined vision of what could be . . . “If only.”  Yes, it is the “If only,” constraining us and inspiring us.  I once wrote a wisdom bite:  “If!  A two-letter word, simple in sound, profound in consequence.”

So here we are!  Wanting a new start, but clear we have much unfinished business from last year.  There is wisdom in knowing the challenges we face, for life is never free of them. It is also useful to know the resources we possess, even if they may be inadequate to the task. It is useful to explore the dynamics of resource-challenge relations.  There will always be tradeoffs and compromises, and these are disappointing. Yet, they constitute a reality that cannot be ignored.  So what does 2016 look like from the resource-challenge perspective?

ResoursesAnInterdependentConfluenceOfEvents

In my opinion, there are reasons for fear, and reasons for hope.  Has it ever been anything different? Hasn’t history shown us each age was filled with its challenges and resources? Yes, this is true.  But what is different this year – 2016 – is the “global stage” in which the challenges and resources are being tested and contested. We are unprepared for the magnitude of stage.  And, the problem is resources are always fewer in number than challenges. But is their power less?

There is something noble and inspirational about the willingness to assert human and environmental dignity and worth via various resources.  There is something noble about joining causes to bring positive changes.  This may be the most important thing! It is hard to speak of the nobility of the human spirit when we consider the widespread abuses and insults human have engendered.  But perhaps the “process” of responding to challenges reminds us of the essence of life itself – a felt force seeking and pursuing, not only survival, but growth, development, and becoming.  Go for it!

Anthony J. Marsella, Ph.D., Professor Emeritus, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822.

Show, by your actions, that you choose peace over war, freedom over oppression, voice over silence, service over self-interest, respect over advantage, courage over fear, cooperation over competition, action over passivity, diversity over uniformity, and justice over all.

War costs money*

*and it’s OUR money.

During the past month, Engaging Peace has offered a number of perspectives on the financial aspects of war.  Some highlights:

  • The true costs of war are difficult to determine because of the intricacies of federal budgeting and accounting, as well as the use of deficit spending
  • Some of the financial impacts of war will occur in the future, due to veterans’ benefits and social costs to families of returning service people
  • Aside from the direct costs, war has a generalized negative effect on the economy, as seen in fewer jobs, increased debt, diversion of money from health care, education, environment, and other domestic needs
  • War tax resistance is a method that some have used to protest the funding of war by tax dollars

Despite the challenges of determining the accurate costs of war, totals for the Iraq war alone are estimated to be as high as $4-6 trillion.

To learn more specifics about the costs to the U.S., check out the Costs of War project.  For perspective from the U.K., watch a video on the economic impact of Britain’s involvement in U.S.-led wars.

You might wonder who is paying the taxes that support the war machine. It’s ordinary people like you and me–and not the most wealthy or the corporations that often profit from war efforts.

As an outgrowth of the Occupy Wall Street movement, a number of groups across the U.S. are calling attention to inequities in our tax structure–specifically the low tax rates paid by the 1%. For example, in Boston, a Tax Day march and rally on April 17 will be based on the message “Corporations and the 1%: Pay your taxes! Fund our communities!” Minneapolis, San Francisco, and other communities have also focused attention on these disparities.

The world economy is hurting. The pocketbooks and bank accounts of ordinary citizens are hurting. We feel it especially during tax season in the midst of what feels like a never-ending recession.

How to ease the pain and start the money flowing again?  The answer is clear:  Stop the wars.

Pat Daniel, Ph.D., Managing Editor of Engaging Peace

$300 billion in social costs (Cost of war, Part 4)

[The final post in the series by guest author Neta Crawford]

Now we come to the fourth reason our estimates for the dollar costs of these wars have been too low. Federal spending is not the entire cost of the Iraq war. There are several other huge categories of economic costs.

Targeting military spending
Targeting military spending; photo by Joe Mabel. Used under CC Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license. From Wikimedia Commons.

There will be at least $300 billion in social costs of these wars, much of it borne by the close family members of injured veterans.

There are the macro-economic effects of borrowing for war, namely increased interest. Further, there is the opportunity cost of military spending.

The two largest opportunity costs are the consequences of the deferred maintenance of U.S. infrastructure and the potential jobs created by other forms of federal spending.

We are constantly told that military spending creates jobs. Indeed, every $1 billion in military spending creates about 11,200 jobs. If there were tax cuts instead and people spent that money themselves, more than 15,000 jobs could be created.

Indeed, military spending produces fewer jobs compared with spending on housing or non-residential construction, health care, or education.

Americans have been told at least three times — in May 2003 when the mission was “accomplished”; in September 2010 when the “combat” phase was over, and in December 2011 — that the Iraq war was won and over. All that was left was promoting democratization and stability.

But is the war really over for either Iraqis or Americans? Iraq remains extremely violent. Thousands of U.S. State Department and private contractors will remain in Iraq for the indefinite future. As Catherine Lutz wrote recently in Foreign Policy, “5,500 security personnel join 4,500 ‘general life support’ contractors who will be working to provide food, health care, and aviation services to those employed in Iraq, and approximately 6,000 US federal employees from State and other agencies.”

The dollar costs of war, as Eisenhower said more than a half-century ago, means dreams deferred or lost for millions. A few years before that, George Orwell’s main character in 1984, Winston Smith, wrote, “All history was a palimpsest, scraped clean and reinscribed exactly as often as was necessary.”

The next step in a full picture of the Iraq war’s toll would be to account for the death, displacement, and economic devastation the war has caused in Iraq and the region.

Neta C. Crawford is a Professor of Political Science at Boston University and co-director of the Costs of War study (www.costsofwar.org).

A theft from those who hunger

[Note from Kathie Malley-Morrison:  As Congress and the public debate issues regarding the U.S. budget, particularly the growing deficit and the status of the debt ceiling, we again welcome guest contributor John Hess, who writes about the financial and other consequences of war.]

Homeless veteran in Boston
Homeless veteran in Boston. Photo by Matthew Woitunski. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported license.

Both Congress and the American public continue to ignore the warnings from earlier lovers of this country–conservative as well as liberal, military as well as civilian.

In a earlier post, I quoted from the final speech of President Dwight Eisenhower, a conservative Republican, but now I want to include a reminder from his first term: “Every gun that is made, every warship launched, every rocket fired signifies, in the final sense, a theft from those who hunger and are not fed, those who are cold and are not clothed.”

Eisenhower’s warning was echoed in the Vietnam War years by Senator J. William Fulbright in his book The Arrogance of Power: “An excessive preoccupation with foreign relations over a long period of time is more than a manifestation of arrogance; it is a drain on the power that gave rise to it, because it diverts a nation from the sources of its strength, which are its domestic life….” (pp. 20-21).

Finally, the late Chalmers Johnson brought that warning up to date in an essay titled “Going Bankrupt,” collected in his final book Dismantling the Empire: “going into 2008, the United States found itself in the anomalous position of being unable to pay for its own elevated living standards or its wasteful, overly large military establishment” (p. 135).    The “time of reckoning,” he said, “is fast approaching,” unless we correct three major problems (p. 136):

“First, we are spending insane amounts of money on ‘defense’ projects that bear no relationship to the national security of the United States …. Second, we continue to believe that we can compensate for the accelerating erosion of our manufacturing base and our loss of jobs to foreign countries through massive military expenditures … Third, in our devotion to militarism (despite our limited resources) we are failing to invest in social infrastructures and other requirements for the long-term health of our country” (p. 136).

Saturday, May 21, is Armed Forces Day, a good day to reflect on the fact that perhaps nobody suffers more from our devotion to militarism than former members of the armed forces. Their return from battle is often greeted by a lack of jobs and health care; enduring physical and psychological problems pushing them into drug abuse, homelessness, assault on others, and ever-increasing rates of suicide.

Our returning warriors discover that this is a country that forgot their sacrifices once they returned home.

John Hess, Senior Lecturer in English and American Studies, University of Massachusetts, Boston